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2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an important single compound explosive. During the purification stage of TNT production, a great amount of wastewater called red water is generated, which has an intense red color with high amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this paper, macroporous polystyrene resin RS 50B was used to reduce COD in TNT red water. The effect of resin dosage, initial COD and temperature...
The effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural, optical and magnetic properties of pure ZnO, Zn 0.95 V 0.05 O and Zn 0.90 V 0.10 O films prepared by RF sputtering are studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals no significant change in the ZnO crystal structure except a small change in intensity and peak broadening on irradiation. Raman spectra reveal...
In this paper, we described how WO 3 microspheres have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal treatment from the precursor of Na 2 WO 4 and CO (NH 2 ) 2 at 160 °C for 3 h. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), high resolution...
Controlled magnesium hydroxide particles were assembled successfully on the surface of cotton fibers for the improvement of flammability and thermal stability of cotton/magnesium hydroxide composites. Unlike previous researches where magnesium hydroxide particles have been blended into polymer matrix, self-assembly of particles onto the fiber surface demonstrated in this research provided substantially...
A commercially pure Ti part was produced using self-developed vacuum selective laser melting system. A smooth surface with roughness Ra 5 μm can be obtained due to avoiding balling process. The density value of the samples with low laser scanning velocity was the same as the theoretical density value. The evolution of microstructural feature is also observed with increasing scanning velocity. The...
Ti–6Al–4V alloy was treated by plasma carburizing process at 950 °C for different durations of 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h. Plasma carburizing was performed in pure Ar gas under 32 ± 2 Pa. Graphite rod was employed as carbon supplier. Optical microscope (OM) observations showed a carburizing layer formed after carburizing. Further FESEM examinations and XRD analysis confirmed that the carburizing layer...
In this paper a mathematical model is developed to investigate the removal of volatile impurities in molten silicon by electron beam melting (EBM) with a high efficiency and low energy consumption. The temperature distribution of molten silicon is obtained using the commercial software FLUENT. Based on the temperature distribution, the vaporization behaviors of phosphorus and silicon are investigated...
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) foils were surface-modified by using non-thermal non-equilibrium oxidative air 40 kHz frequency, radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) discharge plasma treatment. The pristine and treated specimens were morphologically and chemically characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement with...
The studies of curled GaN nanowires grown on sapphire and silicon substrate using chemical vapor deposition method have been reported in this article. The mean diameters of the nanowires grown on sapphire and silicon were 108.1 nm and 98 nm respectively. A growth model was proposed to describe the growth of nanowires. X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the nanowires were...
In this paper, activation energy and time needed for formation of Al 3 Ni 2 thin film with thickness of ∼1 μm on nanocrystalline (NC) nickel was investigated and compared with microcrystalline (MC) nickel. NC and MC samples were prepared by electrodeposition and annealing, respectively. The samples were aluminized by pack cementation method in the temperature range of 475–600 °C. The...
Problems regarding simulation of field emitter array (FEA) electron guns are discussed. A simple method is proposed to significantly reduce computational requirements such as computation power, system memory, and time of FEA electron gun simulation and modeling. The method can be applied to any numerical solver regardless of its meshing technique. In order to extract field emission parameter from...
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